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Aerial View functions like a souped-up version of ZOOM Dynamic. You can use Aerial View to pan and zoom. If you need to pan and zoom often, you can leave the Aerial View window open and use it whenever you need to. Aerial View is most useful with large maps or floor plans, or any drawing with a lot of detail. You can use it transparently. To open Aerial View, choose View Aerial View. The Aerial View window opens, as shown in Figure 8-7. The Aerial View window can be active or inactive. When active, its title bar is shown in color (usually blue). When inactive, the title bar is gray. Inside the window, you see your entire drawing. To close Aerial View, click the Aerial View window s Close button. Aerial View has its own toolbar and menu.

Liquid hydrogen rocket turbopump: streamlines and velocity vectors at one surface away from the main blade suction surface. pbCFD results.

Figure 4.7. Calculated astigmatic beam propagation (left) and calculated intensity distribution inside an SBS cell with and without astigmatism (right).

(d) The matrix is Hermitian but cannot be positive semidefinite since ~ Solution 4.8(b).

As illustrated in Figure 5, the error of an analytical result for a speci ed analyte concentration is composed of different error components, forming together the ladder of errors :

On the CD-ROM The drawing used in the following exercise on changing colors, linetypes, and lineweights, ab11-d.dwg, is in the Drawings folder on the CD-ROM.

joint stimulated scattering, nematic liquid crystals (NLCs), will be introduced herein It is well known that NLCs have extraordinarily large slow-response nonlinearities: orientational and thermal [5, 6] The orientational nonlinearity is caused by refractive index changes due to collective rotation of a great number of mutually parallel nematic molecules under an electric eld of the optical waves The strong thermally induced changes of the NLC refractive index are determined by changes of the order parameter of the liquid-crystal phase and by the medium density The order-parameter changes of the NLC refractive index predominate near the nematic isotropic phase transition point The both NLC nonlinearities allow for the effective degenerate two-wave and four-wave mixings of optical beams by induced dynamic refractive index gratings (RIGs) [7, 8].

If we wish to compute Em , we may assume En = 0 for some n signi cantly bigger than m and apply (9.8). From (9.7) the error involved in approximating En by zero is not bigger than 1/(n + 1). Thus, an algorithm for Em is Ek 1 = 1 (1 Ek ) k

Strong stimulated scatterings of Rayleigh type, the stimulated thermal scattering and stimulated orientational scattering, also take place in the NLC for wavelengths in the visible, near-, and middle-IR regions [5, 6, 9] The nonlinear wave interactions have been used for several types of phase conjugation of laser beams The SPPC effect in the NLC layer with a feedback loop will be discussed in Section 102, and lasers with the SPPC in the NLC layer will be addressed in Section 103 Liquid crystals are not the only nonlinear medium for accomplishing phase conjugation by the joint scattering This effect may be realized in different liquids with thermal nonlinearity; however, the threshold intensity for ordinary liquids is much more than in the NLC Another interesting possibility for the SPPC by the joint scattering is offered by active laser media.

(4.44)

Laser crystals, for example, also have a large number of optical nonlinearities The optically induced changes of population inversion of a laser crystal ampli er can be accompanied not only by the gain saturation but by the refractive index changes as well [10, 11] The scatteringlike process of energy transfer from a strong laser beam to a weak one due to twobeam coupling in a ashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG ampli er, for example, occurs due.